Dimorphic cleistogamous plants produce both closed (cleistogamous, CL) flowers and open (chasmogamous, CH) flowers on the same individual or on different individuals.  However, few studies investigated the genetic regulation of CH and CL flowering patterning in a naturally cleistogamous species. Pseudostellaria heterophylla demonstrates typical dimorphic cleistogamy, usually producing both CH and CL flowers on the same individual plant that appear in different positions and indifferent seasons (CH in spring and CL in summer). This species provides an excellent model for investigating the gene regulatory networks that control CH and CL flowering.
Dr. LUO Yan of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) and her collaborators used the RNA-Seq platform based on Illumina Hiseq technology　to compare the transcriptome of P. heterophylla CH and CL flowers to investigate differences in gene transcription patterns relating to CH and CL flowering processes. They aimed to identify differentially expressed genes involved in the transition from CH to CL flowering in the dimorphic cleistogamous species, and to investigate putative gene regulatory pathways that determine differences between CH and CL patterning and processes.
The researchers identified homologues of 428 Arabidopsis genes involved in regulating flowering processes and estimated the differential gene expression patterns between CH and CL flowers. Some of those genes involved in gene regulatory networks of flowering processes showed significantly differential expression patterns between CH and CL flowers.
They modified the gene expression controlling development as a consequence of environmental changes, leading to altered multiple flower developmental pathways. They proposed three modules ( CO-FT module, STM-AP1 module, and ABCE model)　that regulated flowering time, meristem development and patterning in a natural populations of P. heterophylla.
The study was the first work to analyze the flowering GRNs with RNA-seq based transcriptomes in a naturally cleistogamous plant to understand the genetic mechanisms for different flower patterning. It provided a foundation for dissecting the molecular basis of flowering time and patterns in naturally cleistogamous plants.
 The study entitled “Genome-wide analysis of gene expression reveals gene regulatory networks that regulate chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowering inPseudostellaria heterophylla(Caryophyllaceae)” has been published in BMC Genomics. 

Contact
LUO Yan Ph.D
Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
Tel:  86 871 68125329
E-mail: luoyan@xtbg.org.cn